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Dr. Cannon is best known for his research on the concept of homeostasis, which refers to the body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes. His work highlighted how stress impacts our physiological processes, leading to a need for the body to adapt and restore balance. The homeostatic response is a critical concept that encompasses various systems working together to return to equilibrium during or after a stressor. This idea of maintaining internal balance under stress is foundational to understanding how the body reacts and copes with various stressors.

While other options may relate to stress and bodily responses, they do not encapsulate the central focus of Dr. Cannon's research as comprehensively as the homeostatic response does. For instance, the sympathetic nervous response refers specifically to the activation of the body's fight-or-flight mechanism, which is part of the broader imperative of maintaining homeostasis but doesn't fully express the balance aspect that Cannon emphasized. The psychosomatic response involves psychological factors affecting physical ailments, and the adaptive response highlights the broader capability of organisms to adjust to their environment, but these concepts are more peripheral compared to the core of homeostatic regulation found in Cannon's work.